The parathyroid and thyroid glands of the endocrine system detect changes in blood calcium levels. When the parathyroid glands detect low blood calcium levels, several organ systems alter their function to restore blood calcium levels back to normal. The skeletal, urinary, and digestive systems all act as effectors to achieve this goal through negative feedback. The release of parathyroid hormone from the endocrine system triggers osteoclasts of the skeletal system to resorb bone and release calcium into the blood.
Similarly, this hormone causes the kidneys of the urinary system to reabsorb calcium and return it to the blood instead of excreting calcium into the urine. Through altered function of the kidneys to form active vitamin D, the small intestine of the digestive system increases the absorption of calcium. When the thyroid gland detects elevated blood calcium levels, the skeletal, urinary, and digestive systems contribute to lower blood calcium levels back to normal.
Release of the hormone calcitonin from the thyroid gland of the endocrine system triggers a series of responses. The osteoblasts of the skeletal system use excess calcium in the blood to deposit new bone. The kidneys of the urinary system excrete excess calcium into the urine instead of reclaiming calcium through reabsorption. Lastly, the kidneys stop forming active vitamin D, which causes decreased intestinal absorption of calcium through the digestive system.
Some of the symptoms are heart palpitations and hand tremors. The endocrine functions of the pancreas and liver coordinate efforts to maintain normal blood glucose levels. When pancreatic cells detect low blood glucose levels, the pancreas synthesizes and secretes the hormone glucagon. Glucagon causes the liver to convert the polymerized sugar glycogen into glucose through a process known as glycogenolysis. Glucose then travels through the blood to allow all cells of the body to use it. If pancreatic cells detect high blood glucose levels, the pancreas synthesizes and release the hormone insulin.
Insulin causes polymerization of glucose into glycogen, which is then stored in the liver through a process known as glycogenesis. The nervous and digestive systems also play a role in maintaining blood glucose levels. These sensations prompt you to eat, which raises blood glucose levels. The liver and pancreas are part of both the endocrine system and the digestive system. What is the utility of having integrated digestion and regulation?
Answer the question s below to see how well you understand the topics covered in the previous section. This short quiz does not count toward your grade in the class, and you can retake it an unlimited number of times. Use this quiz to check your understanding and decide whether to 1 study the previous section further or 2 move on to the next section.
Skip to main content. Module Overview of Body Systems. Search for:. Learning Objectives Discuss how different body systems interact with one another Explain how different organ systems relate to one another to maintain homeostasis Explain how different organ systems work together to maintain blood solute levels.
Case Study: Fevers So what happens when you have a fever? The increase in pyrogen chemicals in the blood is stimulating the receptors that reset the upper temperature limit for a febrile response. Temperature is the variable during normal body temperature regulation, but not in this scenario. Show Answer Answer d is correct. The hypothalamus is the control center for both normal body temperature homeostasis and febrile response. The skeletal muscle, sweat glands, and blood vessels are are all effectors.
Show Answer Option b is correct. This would increase the body temperature. Option a would decrease the body temperature. Show Answer Option d is correct. Muscles, sweat glands, and blood vessels are effectors; they do not serve as a control center. Show Answer Option a is correct.
This will cool the body. Option b would warm the body. Show Answer Option c is correct. August 6, July 30, This information is not intended to replace the advice of a medical professional. You should always consult your doctor before making decisions about your health.
Posted by Revere Health. There are 10 body systems: Circulatory Respiratory Nervous Muscular Skeletal Digestive Endocrine hormones Lymphatic, or immune system Reproductive Integumentary skin, hair A body system is a group of parts that work together to serve a common purpose.
Each Body System Works with the Others Each individual body system works in conjunction with other body systems. For more information on the connection between body systems, talk to your health professional at Revere Health. We offer family practice and 39 medical specialties to help all ten of your body systems work together. Learn more about Telehealth. From the blog See more posts. October 27, Why your next clinical breast exam should include a 3D mammogram Cancer Center Imaging.
See more posts. Cardiovascular system The heart and blood vessels make up this system. The heart is a pump forcing blood into a network of blood vessels allowing it to travel to organs and delivery sites requiring oxygen gas for respirationnutrients and the removal of waste substances. Digestive system This system resembles a long tube with attached organs. Ingested food is broken down into constituent nutrient molecules that are then absorbed into the bloodstream.
Indigestible remains are then egested. Endocrine system Composed of a number of small organs distributed throughout the body, the endocrine system coordinates the metabolic activity of body cells by interacting with the nervous system.
Endocrine glands produce hormones chemical messengers released into the blood and transported to target sites around the body. Excretory system The excretory system is composed of the kidneys urine-forming organs , the bladder temporary storage for urine and channels for moving this liquid waste around. Kidneys are blood purifiers filtering liquid from the bloodstream, removing undesirable substances such as toxins and returning those still required to the blood.
Immune system The immune system is a protection mechanism composed of specialised cells, cell products, tissues, organs and processes within an organism that protect against pathogens. Integumentary system Commonly known as the skin, this system wraps the body in a protective covering with a number of functions such as UV protection and temperature regulation, taking it well beyond being just a mere covering. Musculoskeletal system The skeleton provides a framework on which the human body is arranged.
It is articulated to allow free movement in conjunction with the skeletal muscles.
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